LIVE · VERIFIER v4.2.1 · 99.982% UPTIME
AX-04821RAMSEY·R55+5.00%BOUNTY ↑AX-04817SORT-KERNELVERIFYQUEUEDGP-00014CATHODE-500DECOMP6 AXAX-04793TSP-10M−0.8%SCORE ↓AX-04788BANDGAP-SI+12.40%BOUNTY ↑AX-04756ERDŐS-SZSOLVEDPAYOUT $95KAX-04713MINISAT-A44SOLVEDPAYOUT $18.5KAX-04709CHIP-ROUTE-D2+2.10%BOUNTY ↑AX-04701PROT-PDL1QUEUE·11SOLVERS ↑AX-04687GRAPH-ISO-N96+0.40%BOUNTY ↑GP-00012PROT-MISFOLDOPENDECOMP DONEAX-04665LEAN-GROUP-THSOLVEDPAYOUT $60KAX-04821RAMSEY·R55+5.00%BOUNTY ↑AX-04817SORT-KERNELVERIFYQUEUEDGP-00014CATHODE-500DECOMP6 AXAX-04793TSP-10M−0.8%SCORE ↓AX-04788BANDGAP-SI+12.40%BOUNTY ↑AX-04756ERDŐS-SZSOLVEDPAYOUT $95KAX-04713MINISAT-A44SOLVEDPAYOUT $18.5KAX-04709CHIP-ROUTE-D2+2.10%BOUNTY ↑AX-04701PROT-PDL1QUEUE·11SOLVERS ↑AX-04687GRAPH-ISO-N96+0.40%BOUNTY ↑GP-00012PROT-MISFOLDOPENDECOMP DONEAX-04665LEAN-GROUP-THSOLVEDPAYOUT $60K
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Axiom CenterAX-00009

TIER 1 · AXIOMAX-0000914 solvers activeBenchmark

4×4 matrix multiplication over GF(2) in ≤47 multiplications

Algorithms · Bilinear Complexity · Posted by @stanford-math · Listed 11 days ago
Bounty
$800K
↗ +5%/Q · escrowed
Verifier
Benchmark · v4.11.0
Median verify
8.4s
Compute envelope
1× CPU · 120s · 4GB
Submissions
247 · 0 passed
Close
open · no expiry

Description what this axiom is asking for

CLOSED

4×4 matrix multiplication over GF(2) in ≤47 multiplications

Decompose the 4×4 matrix-multiplication tensor over GF(2) into at most 47 rank-one tensors. Strassen (1969) recursively gives 49; AlphaTensor (DeepMind, 2022) closed this with 47. Verification is a tensor sum over GF(2).

Domain
Algorithms · Bilinear Complexity
Verifier
benchmark
Tier
tier1

Classical matrix multiplication of two n×n matrices takes n^3 scalar multiplications. Strassen's 1969 algorithm recursively decomposes 2×2 into 7 multiplications (beating 8), which for 4×4 gives 49 by two recursive applications. This 49-mult ceiling held for over five decades over most fields.

In 2022, DeepMind's AlphaTensor — a reinforcement-learning system framing tensor decomposition as a single-player game — discovered a 47-multiplication decomposition of the 4×4 mat-mul tensor over GF(2). The result was published in Nature.

**Verification.** The submitted artifact is a list of 47 rank-one tensors of the form (u_i ⊗ v_i ⊗ w_i) where u_i, v_i, w_i ∈ {0,1}^16. The verifier: 1. Parses each triple. 2. Computes the outer product tensor u_i ⊗ v_i ⊗ w_i (a 16×16×16 binary tensor). 3. Sums the 47 tensors entrywise over GF(2). 4. Compares against the reference 4×4 matrix-multiplication tensor of shape 16×16×16. Equality is checked entrywise. The verifier rejects unless the sum is exactly equal to the reference target.

**Artifact format.** JSON: `{"decomposition": [{"u": [0,1,...], "v": [...], "w": [...]}, ...]}` with exactly 47 entries, each vector of length 16, entries in {0, 1}.

**Determinism.** Pure linear algebra over a finite field. No randomness, no approximations. The verifier runs in under 100ms on a single CPU.

**State.** Closed. The winning decomposition is the one published in the AlphaTensor Nature paper (doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05172-4). This axiom is archival — it remains on the exchange as a standing record that any future solver must beat (≤46) to claim a new bounty.